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（1）功能的机构 (1) functional institutions 实现一种功能的机构组合，一般有多种方案。设计时最好提现尽可能多的方案，给予考察。此外以开发全新产品为目标时，不仅对平时所见的常规机构，而却对其他领域中所使用的或历史上被看成是过失物体中的，因其中能给予启发的东西有很多，最好也要参照。 In general, there are various schemes to implement a functional organization. It is best to offer as many plans as possible in design. Besides, when developing new products, there are many things to be enlightened not only for the usual institutions which are usually seen, but for other areas or used as negligent objects in history. 此外，机械式机构大约到19世纪末达到成熟，现在几乎所有使用的机构（自动装置）在其历史上都能见到。 In addition, mechanical institutions reached maturity by the end of the nineteenth Century, and almost all of the institutions used (automatic devices) are now seen in their history. （2）力作用线 (2) force action line 为了只观地表示力在机械机构中怎样传递下去的状态，将力看作犹如在构件中留动的样子，描绘在草案图的机械中。表示这个力“流动”的线，在设计考察中起着重要作用。例如：产生某种动作的机械，如果处于静态平衡，难么力作用线在整体系统中封闭。如果力线不封闭，或者该机械正题开始加速运动或者在空间分解。转动力矩的作用现也同样。 In order to see how the surface force is transmitted in a mechanical mechanism, we regard force as a way of moving in a component and depict it in the machine of the draft diagram. The line that expresses this force "flow" plays an important role in the design investigation. For example, a machine that produces some kind of action is closed in the whole system if it is in a static balance. If the force line is not closed, or the mechanical problem begins to accelerate or decompose in space. The effect of the moment of rotation is the same. （3）平衡 (3) balance 仅对于由重力产生的力，其力线不封闭。这里，重力所产生的逆转力矩成为额外难题。机械处于静态时出现逆转的部位是机械的根本缺陷之处。不要制作头重脚轻或左右重力不能保持平衡的物体。这是应为这样的物体受到一点水平向外就会翻转的缘故。此外，把握机械的大致重量，稳心的位置也是非常重要的。特别是，如果重心水平方向位于安装地脚之外，则会失去自身平衡，是机器出现非正常状态，这一点要给以注意。 Only for the force produced by gravity, its force line is not closed. Here, the torque generated by gravity is an extra problem. The part of the machine that reverses when it is in static state is the fundamental defect of the machine. Don't make top-heavy or gravity balance objects. This is the reason for such an object to be overturned at a little level. In addition, it is very important to grasp the rough weight of the machine and the position of the stable heart. In particular, if the horizontal direction of gravity is located outside the installation ground, it will lose its balance, which is the abnormal state of the machine. （4）强度 (4) strength 力作用线有的分流，有的合流，对于其中最主要的力线，异地过要使其满足：受力大的部位强度大，受力小的部位强度弟。尺寸过大则会造成浪费，并使动作迟缓。对于其中特别重要的部位，有必要进行强度计算。另外，力线封闭时，受拉力运动迟缓。 The force action line has some shunting and some converging. For the most important force line, it should be satisfied if the main force line is out of place. Too large the size will cause waste and slow motion. For particular important parts, it is necessary to calculate the strength. In addition, when the force line is closed, the pulling force is slow.